Charged Particle Beam Dynamics (CPBD) module

Overview

Charged Particle Beam Dynamics module provides features for charged particle (electron) beam optics, including calculating and matching Twiss parameters, single-particle tracking as well as tracking with collective effects (CSR, space charge and wakefields)

Getting started

Import OCELOT

from ocelot import *

Define a magnetic lattice

 q1 = Quadrupole(l = 0.3, k1 = 5)
 q2 = Quadrupole(l = 0.3, k1 = -5)
 d = Drift(l = 0.5)
 lat = MagneticLattice( (d, q1, d, q2, d, q1, d,q2,d) )

Use twiss() to find linear optics (Twiss) functions for given initial values

 tw0 = Twiss()
 tw0.beta_x = 5.
 tw0.alpha_x = -0.87
 tw0.beta_y = 2.1
 tw0.alpha_y = 0.96
 tws = twiss(lat, tw0)

Find periodic Twiss solution

 tws = twiss(lat)

Find periodic Twiss solution with given longitudinal resolution (500 points)

 tws = twiss(lat, nPoints=500)

Plot Twiss parameters

 from pylab import *
 plot([t.s for t in tws], [t.beta_x for t in tws])
 plot([t.s for t in tws], [t.beta_y for t in tws])

Plot Twiss parameters in the lattice display

 from ocelot.gui.accelerator import *
 plot_opt_func(lat, tws)
 show()

Linear optics functions

twiss(lat[, nPoints=None])

Matching

match(lattice, constarints, variables[, start=0])

lattice a MagneticLattice object

Tracking

Elements

class MagneticLattice

class Drift

class Quadrupole

class Bend

same as SBend

class SBend

class RBend

Transfer maps

Transfer maps define how the element map acts in tracking. The default transfer map attachment scheme is as follows:

• Drifts, Quadrupoles, and bends have first order transfer maps

• Sextupoles have a drift-kick-drift map

API documentation

ocelot.cpbd.optics.twiss(lattice, tws0=None, nPoints=None)

twiss parameters calculation

Parameters

• lattice – lattice, MagneticLattice() object

• tws0 – initial twiss parameters, Twiss() object. If None, try to find periodic solution.

• nPoints – number of points per cell. If None, then twiss parameters are calculated at the end of each element.

Returns

list of Twiss() objects

ocelot.cpbd.match.match(lat, constr, vars, tw, verbose=True, max_iter=1000, method='simplex', weights=<function weights_default>, vary_bend_angle=False, min_i5=False)

Function to match twiss parameters

Parameters

• lat – MagneticLattice

• constr –

  dictionary, constrains. Example: ‘periodic’:True - means the “match” function tries to find periodic solution at the ends of lattice:

  constr = {elem1:{‘beta_x’:15, ‘beta_y’:2}, ‘periodic’:True}

  ”hard” constrains on the end of elements (elem1, elem2):

  constr = {elem1:{‘alpha_x’:5, ‘beta_y’:5}, elem2:{‘Dx’:0 ‘Dyp’:0, ‘alpha_x’:5, ‘beta_y’:5}}

  or mixture of “soft” and hard constrains:

  constr = {elem1:{‘alpha_x’:[“>”, 5], ‘beta_y’:5}, elem2:{‘Dx’:0 ‘Dyp’:0, ‘alpha_x’:5, ‘beta_y’:[“>”, 5]}}

  in case one needs global control on beta function, the constrains can be written following way.

  constr = {elem1:{‘alpha_x’:5, ‘beta_y’:5}, ‘global’: {‘beta_x’: [‘>’, 10]}}

• vars – list of elements e.g. vars = [QF, QD] or it can be initial twiss parameters: vars = [[tws0, ‘beta_x’], [tws0, ‘beta_y’], [tws0, ‘alpha_x’], [tws0, ‘alpha_y’]]

• tw – initial Twiss

• verbose – allow print output of minimization procedure

• max_iter –

• method – string, available ‘simplex’, ‘cg’, ‘bfgs’

• weights –

  function returns weights, for example def weights_default(val):

  if val == ‘periodic’: return 10000001.0 if val == ‘total_len’: return 10000001.0 if val in [‘Dx’, ‘Dy’, ‘Dxp’, ‘Dyp’]: return 10000002.0 if val in [‘alpha_x’, ‘alpha_y’]: return 100007.0 if val in [‘mux’, ‘muy’]: return 10000006.0 if val in [‘beta_x’, ‘beta_y’]: return 100007.0 return 0.0001

• vary_bend_angle – False, allow to vary “angle” of the dipoles instead of the focusing strength “k1”

• min_i5 – minimization of the radiation integral I5. Can be useful for storage rings.

Returns

result

Automatically generated API index

• Module Reference